Maitiro ekupisa gandainhanho yakakosha pakushandura matehwe emhuka kuti aite zvinhu zvinogara kwenguva refu zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvakasiyana siyana, kubva pazvipfeko neshangu kuenda kufenicha nezvimwe.Zvinhu zvakashandiswa pakugadzira ganda zvine basa guru pakuona kunaka uye zvinhu zvedehwe rakapedzwa.Kunzwisisa kwakasiyana-siyana mbishi zvinhu zvinosanganisirwa mukuita kwekutsvuka kwakakosha kune chero munhu ane chekuita neindasitiri yematehwe.
Imwe yemidziyo mikuru inoshandiswa mukusukuta matehwe idehwe remhuka pacharo.Matehwe acho anowanzo kuwanikwa kubva kumhuka dzakadai semombe, hwai, mbudzi, uye nguruve, idzo dzinosimudzirwa nyama yadzo uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa.Hunhu hwematehwe acho hunoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita serudzi rwemhuka, zera, uye mamiriro ayakakurira.Mahwanda ane makwapa mashoma uye akanyanya kuenzana ukobvu kazhinji anofarirwa pakugadzirwa kwematehwe.
Pamusoro pematehwe emhuka, ma tanneries anoshandisawo makemikari akasiyana siyana uye zvinhu zvechisikigo kuita kuti kupiswa kuve nyore.Imwe yeanonyanya kuita chinyakare maajenti ndeye tannin, inowanzoitika polyphenolic komisheni inowanikwa muzvirimwa zvakaita seoki, chestnut, uye quebracho.Tannin inozivikanwa nekugona kwayo kusunga kune collagen fibers mubende remhuka, ichipa dehwe simba raro, kushanduka, uye kuramba kuora.Tanneries inogona kuwana tannin kuburikidza nekuitora kubva mumiti yemiti isina kubikwa kana kushandisa matannin anowanikwa mune zvekutengesa.
Chimwe chinowanzo gadzira ganda munyu chromium, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemazuva ano kwematehwe.Chromium tanning inozivikanwa nekumhanya kwayo uye kushanda kwayo, pamwe nekugona kwayo kugadzira ganda rakapfava, rakapfava rine chengetedzo yemavara.Nekudaro, kushandiswa kwechromium mukupisa kwakasimudza kushushikana kwezvakatipoteredza nekuda kwekugona kuita tsvina ine muchetura uye kusvibiswa.MaTanneries anofanirwa kutevedzera mirau yakasimba uye maitiro akanakisa kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwekutsvaira kwechromium.
Mamwe makemikari anoshandiswa mukupisa zvinosanganisira asidhi, mabhesi, uye akasiyana ekugadzira tanning agents.Makemikari aya anobatsira kubvisa bvudzi nenyama kubva pamatehwe, kugadzirisa pH yemushonga wekupisa, uye kufambisa kusungwa kwematannins kana chromium kune collagen fibers.MaTanneries anofanirwa kubata makemikari aya nekungwarira kuti ave nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevashandi nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Pamusoro peiyo mikuru yekusuka maajenti, ma tanneries anogona kushandisa akasiyana ekubatsira zvinhu kuti awane chaiwo zvivakwa kana kupera mudehwe.Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira dhayi uye pigment yemavara, oiri uye wakisi yekupfava uye kusamira kwemvura, uye kupedzisa maajenti akadai seresin uye mapolymer ekugadzirwa uye kupenya.Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvekubatsira kunoenderana nezvinodiwa zveganda rakapedzwa, ingave iri yemhando yepamusoro yefashoni chinhu kana yakashata yekunze chigadzirwa.
Sarudzo uye musanganiswa wezvakagadzirwa zvekupisa matehwe inzira yakaoma uye yakasarudzika inoda kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekemesitiri, biology, uye sainzi yezvinhu.MaTanneries anofanirwa kunyatso dzikamisa zvinhu zvakaita semutengo, kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kutevedzera mutemo uku uchiyedza kugadzira dehwe remhando yepamusoro rinosangana nezvinodiwa nemusika.
Sezvo ruzivo rwevatengi rwezvezvakatipoteredza uye nyaya dzetsika ruchikura, kune kuwedzera kufarira mune inogoneka uye eco-hushamwari maitiro ekutsvuka.Mamwe ma tanneries ari kuongorora mamwe maajenti ekuvheneka anotorwa kubva kune anogona kuvandudzwa, senge makwati nemichero yakatorwa, pamwe nehunyanzvi hwekuita senge enzymatic uye miriwo.Kuedza uku kunonangana kudzikisa kuvimba nemakemikari uye kudzikisa tsoka yezvisikwa zvekugadzirwa kwematehwe.
Pakazere, zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira matehwe zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvakawanda, zvichiratidza nhoroondo yakapfuma uye hunyanzvi hunoenderera mberi muindasitiri yematehwe.Nekunzwisisa uye nekunyatso gadzirisa izvi mbishi zvinhu, tanneries inogona kuramba ichigadzira emhando yepamusoro dehwe rinosangana nezvinodiwa nevatengi vachigadzirisa matambudziko ekuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-14-2024
