Nzira huru yekuchenesa mvura yetsvina ndeyokushandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzehunyanzvi kupatsanura, kubvisa uye kudzokorodza zvinosvibisa zviri mutsvina nemvura yetsvina, kana kuzvishandura kuita zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi kuchenesa mvura.
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuchenesa tsvina, dzinogona kugoverwa muzvikamu zvina, zvinoti kurapa kwebhayoloji, kurapwa kwemuviri, kurapwa kwemakemikari uye kurapwa kwepanyama.
1. Biological kurapwa
Kuburikidza nemetabolism yemicroorganisms, organic zvinosvibisa muchimiro chemhinduro, colloids uye yakanaka kumiswa mumvura yetsvina inoshandurwa kuita yakagadzikana uye isingakuvadzi zvinhu.Zvinoenderana neakasiyana ma microorganisms, biological kurapwa inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: aerobic biological kurapwa uye anaerobic biological kurapwa.
Iyo aerobic biological treatment nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mubhaibheri kurapwa kwetsvina.Zvinoenderana neakasiyana maitiro maitiro, iyo aerobic biological kurapwa nzira yakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: activated sludge nzira uye biofilm nzira.Activated sludge process pachayo inhengo yekurapa, ine dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa modes.Midziyo yekurapa yebiofilm nzira inosanganisira biofilter, biological turntable, biological contact oxidation tank uye biological fluidized bed, etc. The biological oxidation pond method inonziwo natural biological treatment method.Anaerobic biological treatment, inozivikanwawo sebiological reduction treatment, inonyanya kushandiswa kurapa yakakwira-concentration organic wastewater uye sludge.
2. Kurapwa kwomuviri
Nzira dzekuparadzanisa uye kudzoreredza zvisinganyungudika zvakamiswa zvinosvibisa (kusanganisira firimu remafuta uye madonhwe emafuta) mumvura yetsvina nekuita kwemuviri kunogona kukamurwa kuita giravhiti yekuparadzanisa nzira, centrifugal yekuparadzanisa nzira uye sieve kuchengetedza nzira.Iwo ekurapa mayuniti ari egwara rekuparadzanisa nzira anosanganisira sedimentation, inoyangarara (air flotation), nezvimwewo, uye inoenderana yekurapa midziyo ndeye grit chamber, sedimentation tank, girisi trap, air flotation tank uye ayo anobatsira maturusi, nezvimwewo;centrifugal separation pachayo imhando yekurapa unit, michina yekugadzirisa inoshandiswa inosanganisira centrifuge uye hydrocyclone, nezvimwewo;iyo nzira yekuchengeta skrini ine maviri ekugadzirisa mayuniti: gidhi rekuchengetedza skrini uye kusefa.Iyo yekare inoshandisa grids uye zvidzitiro, nepo iyo yekupedzisira inoshandisa jecha Filters uye microporous filters, etc. Nzira yekurapa inobva panheyo yekutsinhanisa kupisa ihwowo nzira yekurapa kwepanyama, uye zvikamu zvayo zvekurapa zvinosanganisira evaporation uye crystallization.
3. Kemikari kurapwa
Nzira yekuchenesa mvura yetsvina inoparadzanisa uye inobvisa yakanyungudika uye colloidal zvinosvibisa mumvura yetsvina kana kuishandura kuita zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi kuburikidza nekuita kwemakemikari uye kutamiswa kwehuwandu.Munzira yekurapa kwemakemikari, zvikamu zvekugadzirisa zvinoenderana nemakemikari ekuita dosing ndezvi: coagulation, neutralization, redox, nezvimwewo;nepo zvikamu zvekugadzirisa zvinoenderana nekutamisa hukuru ndezvi: kubvisa, kubvisa, kubvisa , adsorption, ion exchange, electrodialysis uye reverse osmosis, nezvimwewo. Iwo maviri ekupedzisira ekugadzirisa zvikamu akabatanidzwa pamwe chete anonzi membrane separation teknolojia.Pakati pavo, iyo yekurapa unit inoshandisa misa kuchinjisa ine zvese makemikari chiito uye zvine chekuita nekuita kwemuviri, saka inogona zvakare kupatsanurwa kubva kumakemikari kurapwa nzira uye kuva imwe mhando yekurapa nzira, inonzi nzira yemakemikari yemuviri.
mufananidzo
Common sewage treatment process
1. Kubvisa tsvina yemvura
Zviratidzo zvekusvibisa zvakaita semafuta emukati, CODcr neBOD5 mune inobvisa tsvina yemvura yakakwira zvakanyanya.Nzira dzekurapa dzinosanganisira kubviswa kweasidhi, centrifugation kana kubviswa kwe solvent.Iyo asidhi yekubvisa nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, ichiwedzera H2SO4 kugadzirisa pH kukosha kune 3-4 ye demulsification, steaming uye kubvongodza nemunyu, uye kumira pa45-60 t kwe2-4 h, mafuta anoyangarara zvishoma nezvishoma kuti aite girisi. layer.Kudzoreredzwa kwegirisi kunogona kusvika 96%, uye kubviswa kweCODcr kunopfuura 92%.Kazhinji, kuwanda kwemafuta mumvura inopinza ndeye 8-10g/L, uye kuwanda kwemafuta mumvura inobuda mumvura iri pasi pe0.1 g/L.Oiri yakadzoserwa inogadziridzwa zvakare yoshandurwa kuita yakasanganiswa mafuta asidhi ayo anogona kushandiswa kugadzira sipo.
2. Liming uye bvudzi kubvisa tsvina mvura
Liming uye kubvisa bvudzi mvura yakasviba ine mapuroteni, lime, sodium sulfide, yakamiswa yakasimba, 28% yehuwandu hweCODcr, 92% yehuwandu hweS2-, uye 75% yehuwandu hweSS.Nzira dzekurapa dzinosanganisira acidification, kunaya kwemakemikari uye oxidation.
Iyo acidification nzira inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzira.Pasi pemamiriro ekumanikidzwa kwakashata, wedzera H2SO4 kuti ugadzirise pH kukosha kusvika 4-4.5, gadzira H2S gasi, tora neNaOH solution, uye gadzira sulfurize alkali kuti ishandiswezve.Protein inonyungudika inonaya mumvura yetsvina inosefa, yogezwa, uye yoomeswa.kuva chigadzirwa.Muyero wekubvisa sulfide unogona kusvika kupfuura 90%, uye CODcr neSS zvakaderedzwa ne85% uye 95% zvichiteerana.Mutengo wayo wakaderera, kushanda kwekugadzira kuri nyore, kuri nyore kudzora, uye kutenderera kwekugadzira kwakapfupikiswa.
3. Chrome yekuchenesa mvura yetsvina
Chakanyanya kusvibisa chechrome kuchenesa mvura yetsvina iheavy metal Cr3+, huwandu hwehuwandu hunosvika 3-4g/L, uye kukosha kwepH hakuna kusimba acidic.Nzira dzekurapa dzinosanganisira kunaya kwe alkali uye kudzokorodza kwakananga.90% yemafuta emumba anoshandisa alkali precipitation nzira, kuwedzera lime, sodium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, nezvimwewo kutambisa chromium fluid, kuita uye kupera mvura kuti iwane chromium-ine sludge, inogona kushandiswa zvakare mukugadzira tanning mushure mekunyungudutswa mu sulfuric acid. .
Panguva yekupindura, iyo pH kukosha ndeye 8.2-8.5, uye kunaya kwakanyanya pa40 ° C.Iyo alkali precipitant imagnesium oxide, iyo chromium yekudzoreredza mwero i99%, uye kuwanda kwechromium mutsvina isingasviki 1 mg/L.Nekudaro, iyi nzira yakakodzera kune akakura-scale tanneries, uye tsvina yakaita soluble oiri uye mapuroteni mu recycled chrome mudha zvinokanganisa tanning mhedzisiro.
4. Yakazara tsvina yemvura
4.1.Pretreatment system: Inonyanya kusanganisira zvivakwa zvekurapisa zvakaita segrille, tangi rekudzora, sedimentation tank uye mhepo inoyerera tank.Kuwanda kweorganic matter uye zvakaturikwa zvakasimba mumvura ine tsvina ine tannery yakakwirira.Iyo pretreatment system inoshandiswa kugadzirisa huwandu hwemvura uye kunaka kwemvura;bvisa SS uye yakaturikwa yakasimba;kuderedza chikamu chekusvibisa uye kugadzira mamiriro akanaka ekuzotevera kurapwa kwebiological.
4.2.Biological treatment system: ρ(CODcr) yemvura yetsvina yematehwe inowanzoita 3000-4000 mg/L, ρ(BOD5) iri 1000-2000mg/L, inova yemvura yakasviba yakawandisa, m(BOD5)/m(CODcr) kukosha Ndiyo 0.3-0.6, iyo yakakodzera kurapwa kwehupenyu.Parizvino, gomba re oxidation, SBR uye biological contact oxidation inonyanya kushandiswa muChina, nepo jet aeration, batch biofilm reactor (SBBR), fluidized bed uye upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB).
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-17-2023
